Throttle controls for internal combustion engines



g- 8, 1939- J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958

' 'PHROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 19384 Sheets-Sheet l 1939. J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958-

THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1958 4Sheets-Sheet 2 1939- J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958

THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1938 4Sheets-Sheet I5 G l /M\- hll/l/fl/ .illlll/lllllllllllllllllll/MIP I IFig.- 6

fivznfar' Aug. 8, 1939.

J. LICHTENSTEIN I THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 26, 1938 Patented Aug. 8 1939 UNITED STATESTHROTTLE CONTROLS FOR- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Johan Lichtenstein,

Levallois-Perrea' France,

assignor to Societe Generale des Carburateurs Zenith, Geneva,Switzerland Application September 26, 1938, Serial No. 231,841 In FranceOctober 1, 1937 It) (Cl. 137139) The present invention relates to animproved throttle control vdevice for internal combustion engines.

m The throttle of an internal combustion engine is normally controlledby the pilot, but on occasion it is necessary to superimpose. a secondcontrol which limits the maximum opening which the throttlecan be openedby the pilot. For example, if it is desired to regulate the enginespeedwithin a predetermined limit, the throttle is controlled both by thepilot and by a speed governor. In aviation engines capable of developingtheir full power up to a predetermined altitude, the throttle iscontrolled both by the pilot and by a boost or limiting control whichlimits the maximum opening of the throttle in such a way that theinduction pressure at lower altitudes cannot exceed the 'maximum Intheusual throttle control devices, the combined control is realized insuch a way that the displacements of the pilots throttle control and thelimiting control are added to eachother to 25 determine the finalposition of the throttle. For

example,the pilots control lever is capable of varying the opening ofthe throttle between 0 (closed position or idling position)- and 90. Ifthe running conditionsiare such that the limiting control dete gthemaximum opening prohibits a thrott e opening greater than the openingof the throttle will be 70 when the lever of the pilots. control,occupies the position of maximum opening and it will be reduced to 40"if the pilot moves the control lever an amount which corresponds to avariation in the opening of the throttle of 30. These devices have thefollowing inconvenience: when the pilot requires pilots desire or not.Referring again to the above example, the throttle may be brought to theclosed position by a displacement of the pilots throttle control levercorresponding to a rotation of-the throttle of 70 from the position ofmaximum opening. If the running conditions .become such that thelimiting control for the maximum opening allows complete opening of thethrottle of thethrottle will open again by 20 and the pilot will againhave to move his throttle ccntrol lever I drawings whereinf Figs. 1 to 3illustrate operating diagrams of a 16 device according to the inventionin various phases of operation. I

Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically in partly sectional elevation animbodiment of the invention. 20

Fig. 5 illustrates a section along 5-5 of the device illustrated in Fig.4.

Figs. 6 and '7 illustrate diagrammatically in longitudinal section twomodifications of the embodiment of the invention. 25

According to the invention, the movements of the pilots throttle controlmember and the limiting control regulating the maximum opening arecomponents but do not add to each other.

' one to the throttle and the other to the pilots throttle control attwo points situated respectively on one and the other rod at an equaldistance from the pivoting axis of the two rods. One of the .35 rods isin addition connected to the device for regulating the maximum opening.The connectin'g points of the rods with the pilots throttle controlonthe one hand and with the device for regulating the maximum opening onthe other 49 hand are compelled to move in two curves and theconnections between one of the two rods and the throttle and between theother rod andthe pilots throttle control are such that the throttle andthe throttle control occupy the slow running 45 position, when, inprojection on a plan perpendicular to the pivoting axis of the rods, thesaid points of connectionare both at tlrepoint of intersection of thecurves along which they move.

The device illustrated in Figs. 1 to .3 comprises 50 an inductionpassage l controlled by the throttle 2. The throttle 2 is controlled bya lever 3 mounted on its axis. The control mechanism of the throttle!comprises a system of two rods 4 and 5 pivoted to each other by means ofan axis 6. '55

The rod 4 is connected at a point I to the lever 3 by means of a link 8.The rod 5 is connected at a point 9 to the lever IU of the pilot'sthrottle control by means of a link I i. The distances comprised on thetwo rods between the points I and 3 and the pivoting axis 6 are equal.The rod 4 is also connected at l2 to the control member l3 of a devicel4 for regulating the maximum opening by means of a link IS. The controlmember l3 could be connected to the rod 5 instead of being connected tothe rod 4. The displacements of the lever ill of the pilot's throttlecontrol are limited by a stop of maximum opening I6 and by a slowrunning stop ll. The points I and 9 of the rods 4 and 5 are compelled tomove respectively along the curves l8 and I! by means of suitabledevices examples of embodiments of which will be seen from Figs. 4 to 6.

The operation of the device is the following:

In Figs. 1 and 2, the various members have been illustrated in theposition they will occupy when the lever ill of the pilot's throttlecontrol is to be found in the position of maximum opening, 1. e., incontact with the stop I6. I

If the pilot displaces the lever ll in the direction of closing andbrings it to the position illustrated in broken lines in Fig. l, thecontrol member l3 of the device for regulating the maximum openingremaining stationary, the various members take up the positionsillustrated in broken lines in Fig. 1 and the movement of the lever illeffects a closing movement of the throttle 2.

Assuming the lever III to be maintained incontact with the stop iii ofmaximum opening then ifthe control member i3 0! the device forregulating the maximum opening is lowered a certain distance, thevarious members will take up the position illustrated in broken lines inFig. 2 and the movement of the control member is of the deviceforregulating the maximum opening effects a reduction of the maximumopening of the throttle 2.

The length of the link H is selected in such a way that when the pilotbrings the lever ill into contact with the stop ll in the slow runningposition as has been illustrated in Fig. 3, the point 9 of the rod 5comes to the point of intersection 20 of the curves l8 and I9. Duringthis movement, 'the point lot the rod 4 comes also to the point ofintersection 20 of the curves, due to the equality of length of the rodsbetween their pivoting axis 6 and their points i and 3.

The length of the link 8 is selected insuch a way that in this positionthe throttle 2 is in the slow running position. The rods 4 and i arethen super-imposed, whereby. the throttle 2 remains in the slow runningposition, whatever be the position of the control member ll of thedevicefor regulating the maximum opening. The movements of the control memberl3 result only in pivoting the whole of the rods 4 and 5 around thepoint of intersection 20 of the curves l8 and IS without having. anyaction on. the position of the throttle 2. It can thus be seen that whenthe pilot brings the lever ill into the-slow running position, thethrottle 2 itself retains the slow running position independentlv or themovements which the control member 83 may eiIect.

' In the device illustrated in Figs. 4, and 5, the ends of the rods 4and 5 are each compelled to follow a straight path. To efiect this; arod 26 connected by a rod 21 to the lever ll of the pilot's throttlecontrol slides in a cylinder 28 pierced by a slot 29. An axis 30 onwhich the end of the rod 5 pivots is fixed in the rod 26 and slides inthe slot 29. Similarly a rod 2! connected by a rod 22 to the lever 3mounted on the axis of the throttle 2 slides in a cylinder 23 pierced bya slot 24. An axis 25 on which the end of the rod 4 pivots is fixed tothe rod 2| and slides in the slot 24. 1

The device for controlling the maximum openmg is constituted by a boostcontrol with a relay device of the known type. It comprises essentiallya manometric capsule 3i disposed in a chamber 32 connected to theinduction passage oithe engine by a conduit 33. The capsule 3i controlsa slide 34 of an oil pressure relay device which comprises a cylinder 35in which a piston. 36 moves against a spring 31.

When the slide 34 moves to the right it'puts the cylinder 35 intocommunication with a pressure oil conduit 33 and the pressure of the oilpushes the piston 36 downwards against the action of the spring 31. Whenthe-slide 34 moves to the left it'puts the cylinder 35 intocommunication with a conduit 39 for discharging the oil and the spring31 pushes the piston 36 upwards driving the oil contained in thecylinder 35 out through the conduit 39.

The member for controlling the maximum opening is constituted by a rod40 fixed to the piston 36 and carrying a slide 4|. The rod 4 isconnected to the rod 40 by means of a stud 42 fixed to the rod 4 andengaging in the slide M.

The operation of the device can be easily understood following theexplanations which have been given with reference to Figs. 1 and 3. Thethrottie 2 is controlled both by the lever Ill of the pilot's throttlecontrol and by the piston 36 of the boost control. If the pilot bringsthe lever l0 into the position of closure the two axes 30 and 25 reachthe left ends of the ports 24 and 29 while the throttle 2 attains theslow running position. In this position, the axes 30 and 25 are situatedin extensions of each other and the rods 4 and 5 which have the samelength between axes are superimposed. The whole of these two rods isthus capable of turning freely about a single geometrical axisconstituted by the two axes 3D and 25 and the movements of the piston 36have no action on the opening of the throttle.

The lever ill being placed in the position of maximum opening thethrottle 2 will be maintained partially closed by the boostcontrol. If

then the pilot brings the lever l0 into the slow' running position theinduction pressure and consequently the pressure in the chamber 32falls, the capsule 3| expands and displaces the slide 34 of the relaydevice towards the left. The

spring 31 then pushes the piston 36 upwards driving the oil from thecylinder 35 through the discharge conduit 39. But in the slow runningposition of the lever ill the throttle 2v occupies theslow runningposition whatever the position is of the piston 36 and 'the risingmovement has no'eflect on the position of the throttle. The arrangementdescribed thus avoids the reopening of the throttle as is the case withthe boost control of the usual devices after a closing move- I ment bythe pilot.

till) manometric capsule exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere(directly or through the intermediary of a relay device). When theheight decreases the capsule contracts and normally tends to decreasethe opening of the throttle but if the pilot has brought his throttlecontrol lever to the position of closure, the throttle occupies the slowrunning position and the movements of the capsule are without effect onthe throttle. Without this disposition, the pilotsthrottle controlbrought in the slow running position would prevent the contraction ofthe capsule or the corresponding movement of the power member of therelay device, whereby the whole force developed by the capsule or by therelay device should be applied to the connection members between saidcapsule or relay device and said pilotsthrottle control with a risk ofbreaking for said members. With the arrangement described, the capsuleand/or relay ,deviceare free to move, and the closed or slow runningposition of the throttle always corresponds to the same position of thepilots throttle control.

In' the device illustrated in Fig. 6, the ends of the rods 4 and 5 arecompelled to describe arcs of a circle. To this end, the rod 4 ispivotally connected at the axis 43 to the lever 3 mounted on the axis 44of the throttle (not illustrated). The

rod 5 is similarly pivotally connected at the axis 45 to the lever Icontrolled by the pilot. The

ing what has been said above. In Fig. 6, the position occupied by thevarious members when the lever I D occupies the slow running positionhasbeen illustrated in broken lines. Inthis position, the throttleitself occupies the slow running position and the axes 43 and' 45 are inextensions one of the other. The movements of the piston 36 of the relaydevice are thus without eiIect on the opening of the throttle. 1

In certain cases, it is necessary that the device for controlling themaximum opening should be able to effect the complete closure of thethrottle; this is true particularly when the regulating de-' vice is aspeed governor. It is necessary in this case that the pilot's throttlecontrol should have no efiect on the opening of the throttle when thedevice regulating the maximum opening. brings the throttle into theposition of total closure (slow running).

The device illustrated in Fig.7 answers these requirements. it comprisesmembers similar to the members of the deviceillustrated in Fig. 6

and the corresponding members have been designated by the same referencefigures as those in Fig. 6. The only difiernce' is that in the deviceillustrated in Fig. '7, the. length between axes of the lever l0actuated by the pilot is equal to the length between axes of the rod 5.The link 46 is controlled by a rod 41 sliding ina guide 48 and connectedto the device for regulating the maximum opening (not illustrated),forexample to the sleeve of a speed governor. The rod 41 has a shoulder49 capable of abutting against the upper end 50 of the guide 48.

If the lever Ill controlled by the pilot is main-- -tained in apredetermined position (position il-" lustrated in the drawings) and ifthe rod 41 of the regulating device descends until the shoulder 49 comesinto contact with the stop 50, the-rod 41, the link 46, the rods 4 and 5and the lever 3 occupy the positions 41a, 46a, 40, 5a. and 3aillustrated in broken lines in the drawing. This takes place for examplewhen the device regulating the maximum opening is a speed governor andthat the-- engine has reached or exceeded its maximum permissible speed.The position 3a of the lever '3 corresponds to the closed position ofthe throttle (slow running).

In the position defined above the pivoting axis 6 between the rods 4 and5 occupies the position 611, position in which this axis is to be foundin the prolongation of the axis 5| of the lever l0 owing to the equalityin length of the lever l0 and the rod"5. Under these conditions, if thepilot moves the lever l0, this movement has the efiect simply ofpivoting the lever Ill-and the rod 5a around the common geometrical axis611- 5l without aflecting the position of the throttle which thusremains in the closed position what: ever the position of the controllever l0.

What I claim is:

1. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a pilots throttle control andby a maximum openingcontrol, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connectingsaid two rods, an operative connection between one point of one of saidrods and the throttle, an operative connection between one point of theother rod and said pilots-throttle control, said connecting points beingsituated respectively on both rods. at an equal distance to saidpivoting axis, an operative connection between one of said rods and saidmaximum opening control, and means for compelling said connecting pointsof said rods to-move respectively along two curves.

2. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a' pilot's throttle control and by a maximum openingcontrol, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connectingsaid two rods, an operative coning control, and means for compellingsaid connecting points of said rods to move respectively along twocurves, said connection between one point of one of said rods and thethrottle being so devised that said throttle occupies the .slow runningposition when in projection on a plan perpendicular to said pivotingaxis said point is -at the point of intersection of said curves.

3. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine. both by a pilots throttle control and by a maximumopeningcontrol, the combination of a first pivoting lever op-' erativelyconnected with said throttle, a second j pivoting lever operativelyconnected with-' said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivotingaxis for connecting said two rods, 9. pivoting axis for connecting oneof said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting theother rod'to the other lever, said two rods having equal lengths betweenaxes, and an operative connection 'between one of said rods and saidmaximum opening control.

4. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a pilots throttle control and by a maximum openingcontrol, the combination of a first pivoting lever operatively connectedwith said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected withsaid pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connectingsaid two rods", a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to oneof said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to theother lever, said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and anoperative connection between one of said rods and said maximum openingcontrol, the connection between said first pivoting lever and saidthrottle being so devised that said throttle occupies the slow runningposition when said pivoting axes connecting respectively said rod withsaid levers are in substantial alinement with each other.

5. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine .both by a pilot's throttle control and bya maximum openingcontrol, the combination of-a first pivoting lever operatively connectedwith said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected withsaid pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connectingsaid two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one ofsaid levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the otherlever, said two-rods having lengths between axes equal to the lengthbetween axes of said second pivoting lever, and an operative connectionbetween One of said rods and said maximum opening control. 7

6. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a pilot'sthrottle control and by a boost control, thecombination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods,an operative connection between one point of one of said rods and thethrottle, an operative connection between one point of the other rod andsaid pilots throttle control, said connecting points being situatedrespectively on both rods at an equal distance to said pivoting axis, anoperative connection between one of said rods and said boost control,and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to moverespectively along two curves.

'7 In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a pilot's throttle control and by a boost control, thecombination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with saidthrottle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with saidpilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting saidtwo rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of saidlevers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the other lever,said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and an operativeconnection between one of the said rods and said boost control.

8. In a device forcontrolling the throttle-of an internal combustionengine both by a pilot's throttle control and by a speed governor, thecombination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods,an operative connection between one point of one of said rods and thethrottle, an operative connection between one point of the other rod andsaid pilot's throttle control, said connecting points being situated respectively on both rods at an equal distance to said pivoting axis, anoperative connection between one of said rods and said sp'eed governor,

and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to moverespectively along two curves. 9. In a device for controlling thethrottle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilots throttlecontrol and by a speed governor, the combination of a first pivotinglever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting leveroperatively connected with said pilots throttle control, two rods, apivoting axis for connecting said two rods, a pivoting axis forconnecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis forconnecting the other rod to the other lever, said two rods having equallengths between axes, and an operative connection between one of saidrods and said speed governor.

10. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustionengine both by a pilots throttle'control and by a speed governor, thecombination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with saidthrottle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with saidpilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting saidtwo rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of saidlevers, a pivoting axis for connectingithe other rod to the other lever,said two rods having lengths between axes equal to the length betweenaxes of said second pivoting lever, and an operative connection betweenone of said rods and said speed governor. 9

JOHAN LICHTENSTEIN.

